Published: The New England Journal of Medicine
Date:
Authors: William V Tamborlane, Margarita Barrientos-PĂ©rez, Udi Fainberg, Helle Frimer-Larsen, Mona Hafez, Paula M Hale, Muhammad Y Jalaludin, Margarita Kovarenko, Ingrid Libman, Jane L Lynch, Paturi Rao, Naim Shehadeh, Serap Turan, Daniel Weghuber, Timothy Barrett, Ellipse Trial Investigators
Abstract:
Metformin is the regulatory-approved treatment of choice for most youth with type 2 diabetes early in the disease. However, early loss of glycemic control has been observed with metformin monotherapy. Whether liraglutide added to metformin (with or without basal insulin treatment) is safe and effective in youth with type 2 diabetes is unknown.
Published: American Journal of Nephrology
Date:
Authors: Meg J Jardine 1 2 , Kenneth W Mahaffey 3 , Bruce Neal 1 4 5 6 , Rajiv Agarwal 7 , George L Bakris 8 , Barry M Brenner 9 , Scott Bull 10 , Christopher P Cannon 11 , David M Charytan 12 , Dick de Zeeuw 13 , Robert Edwards 10 , Tom Greene 14 , Hiddo J L Heerspink 13 , Adeera Levin 15 , Carol Pollock 16 , David C Wheeler 17 , John Xie 10 , Hong Zhang 18 , Bernard Zinman 19 , Mehul Desai 10 , Vlado Perkovic 1 , CREDENCE study investigators
Abstract:
People with diabetes and kidney disease have a high risk of cardiovascular events and progression of kidney disease. Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors lower plasma glucose by reducing the uptake of filtered glucose in the kidney tubule, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
Published: Elife
Date:
Authors: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Abstract:
Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
Published: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
Date:
Authors: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
Abstract:
Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions.
Published: The Lancet
Date:
Authors: Richard M Bergenstal 1, Carol Wysham, Leigh Macconell, Jaret Malloy, Brandon Walsh, Ping Yan, Ken Wilhelm, Jim Malone, Lisa E Porter, DURATION-2 Study Group
Abstract:
Most patients with type 2 diabetes begin pharmacotherapy with metformin, but eventually need additional treatment. We assessed the safety and efficacy of once weekly exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, versus maximum approved doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, or the thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, in patients treated with metformin.
Published: Am J Clin Nutr
Date:
Authors: Matthew J Delmonico 1 , Tamara B Harris, Marjolein Visser, Seok Won Park, Molly B Conroy, Pedro Velasquez-Mieyer, Robert Boudreau, Todd M Manini, Michael Nevitt, Anne B Newman, Bret H Goodpaster, Health, Aging, and Body
Abstract:
Sarcopenia is thought to be accompanied by increased muscle fat infiltration. However, no longitudinal studies have examined concomitant changes in muscle mass, strength, or fat infiltration in older adults.